Frequently Asked Questions about using the OSCOLA style for EndNote
Please note that this page has not been updated to include questions about the OSCOLA 2 4th end style, however many of the questions on this page may be relevant to users of that style. If you are experiencing problems using OSCOLA, downloading the style files, or saving them on your computer, please email Sandra Meredith for help. For generic questions, consult the Endnote FAQ page.
Using Endnote
How do I insert pinpoints after footnote citations?
... show only the citation for a case (no party name)?
... stop Endnote capitalising only the first letter of acronyms such as 'AG', 'DPP' etc?
... stop Endnote from producing a list of references at the end of my document?
... create a single bibliography from separate chapters?
... create references for speeches and press releases?
... stop strange field codes showing instead of references in my documents?
... create a reading list, table of cases etc?
... search OLIS and other catalogues?
... import citation data from JStor, Zetoc, Google Scholar etc?
... delete unwanted fields in the reference types?
... delete unwanted reference types?
....copy my library from my USB key to my computer?
... print only the notes for each reference?
... insert footnote cross-references and update them?
How do I make changes to the OSCOLA output style?
....remove a space from the end of a case citation?
....remove a space from the end of a short title?
... insert a comma between the authors (or editors) in a list of three?
... stop the v between party names capitalising?
... change the journal titles to italics?
... save law reports in Word in the pdf field in EndnoteX?
... fix the '
if vols consecutively'
error in the year in journal references?
Other common problems:
- The Endnote toolbar doesn't show, or doesn't work, in Word.
- The citations in my footnotes have become mixed up: the citation in footnote 64 should be in footnote 63.
- My computer runs too slowly when I use endnote.
- My computer died - what will this do to my endnote references?
Modifying the OSCOLA style
The 'OSCOLA do-it-yourself instructions' show how the style is set up, and may be helpful when making modifications.
Using case references for OSCOLA only versus using cases references for OSCOLA and Bluebook (or, what is the difference between the Simple Cases format and the full Cases format?
Links where you may find other useful information.
How do I insert pinpoints after footnote citations?
1. Use your word processor to create a footnote. (Ctrl-Alt-F is the shortcut in Word.)
2. Go to your EndNote library and select/highlight the reference you wish to insert, or use the Endnote Search function in the Word Endnote toolbar. Click on the insert symbol on the EndNote toolbar to insert the reference into the footnote.
3. Key in the pinpoint after the grey box that shows your reference from EndNote. This will ensure that the pinpoint stays in the correct place even if the details in the reference are changed or reformatted.
4. It is also possible to use Pages (in Edit Citation), however for this to work, you must add the Cited Pages field to the Footnotes Templates (in Edit/Output Style/Edit OSCOLA). It is also possible to add a pinpoint using Suffix in Edit Citation. Each alternative may cause problems with cross referencing footnotes.
How do I show only the citation for a case (no party name)?
Sometimes you only want the party name(s) in the footnote, sometimes you only want the citation. To show only the party name or a short version of it, key it into the Abbreviated case name field in the case reference. Make sure 'Use the short form of the reference' is ticked in Edit/Output styles/OSCOLA//Footnotes/Repeated citations. (Remember to Save). You will then get only the party name for subsequent mentions of a case.
You might want to use this feature to get only the citation, however if you put the citation in the Abbreviated case name field the output will be italicized (because Endnote thinks it is a party name).
However, if,you only give the citation alone the first time you mention a case and subsequent references give party name and cross-refer to the original footnote with the citation, using party name in abbreviated case name is mostly going to work. Another alternative is to always give the full citation (party names and citation). You may need to make modifications after you have finished the work and removed the field codes.
How do I stop Endnote capitalising only the first letter of acronyms such as 'AG', 'DPP' and 'SSHD' etc?
There are two ways to control this. If the acronym/abbreviation is in the author field, put a comma after the name, eg AG, or UNESCO,
To control capitalisation in all fields, go to Edit / Preferences / Change case. Key the acronym in the box, click Add, then Apply, then OK. If Title Capitalisation in the style you are using is set to Headline Style (in the Output Style templates), add a lower case v to the Change Case list to stop the v between parties in a case reference being capitalised.
How do I stop Endnote from producing a list of references at the end of my document?
1. In Endnote, go to Edit (on the top menu), then down to Output Style (near the bottom), then across to Edit OSCOLA [or whatever your output style is].
2. This will open the style controls. In the left panel of this box, go down to Footnotes, then click on ‘Templates’.
3. At the top of the Footnotes templates you’ll see a tick box marked ‘Include citations in bibliography’. Untick that box.
4. Close and save the style (with the same style name). An alternative at this stage is to add, say, ‘no bib’ to the style name, so that you have one version of the style with the bibliography, and one without.
How do I create a bibliography?
1. In EndNote, go to Edit, then Output Styles. Click on Edit OSCOLA.(as shown in 'Instructions with picture' above.)
2. In Footnotes, Templates, tick Include Citations in Bibliography at the top of the templates box.
3 When you click on 'Format bibliography' on the EndNote toolbar in Word, a bibliography of all references included in the footnotes will be included.
4. Note that if the Bibliography function is ticked, and if your references are set to format automatically, the bibliography will be created and updated as you work. To stop this happening, either untick the Bibliography function, or Disable Instant Formatting in Tools/Cite While You Write/Format Bibliography/Instant Formatting.
How do I create a single bibliography from separate chapters?
Note that version X4 will do this for you. See the online manual in Endnote X4.
1. Combine all your chapters, in order, into a single document. Make sure you do this in a document that has the styles you want in the template. Build the single document by opening your first file (eg Introduction), then scrolling to the bottom of the text. With your cursor on a new line, go to Insert, then File, and select your next chapter to insert it. Continue until all your chapters are combined in one document.
If you want the footnote numbering to start at 1 in each chapter, create section breaks between the chapters (before inserting each document, choose Insert > Break > Section break). Then choose Insert > Reference > Footnote and set Numbering to restart at each section, and Apply to the whole document. Note that Endnote will not insert full citations at the beginning of each chapter - if you are using short versions for repeated citations, the full version will only appear once.(To have full citations recommence at the beginning of each chapter, see note 3.)
2. Once you have a single document of your whole work, create a bibliography as explained above. If you need to remove the Endnote codes (for publishing purposes, or to enable use of the Word sort feature), follow the instructions for Removing field codes below.
3. If you want to present your document in individual chapters, to enable use of the repeated citation feature or for some other reason, copy the bibliography to a new document.You may also find the single document useful as a working document to create a table of contents and tables of cases etc, which can then be copied to a new document to include with your chapters.
How do I create references for speeches and press releases?
First, save a copy of your document.
Clicking the Remove field codes button in the Word Endnote toolbar is the simplest way to remove field codes, but it may remove all field codes from your document (eg cross-references, tables of contents links etc). To avoid this, remove field codes only from the footnotes and bibliography.
To remove field codes from your footnotes, right-click on a footnote and Select All (Ctrl-A). When all the footnotes are highlighted, click on Ctrl-Shift-F9.
To remove field codes from your bibliography, select the bibliography and click on Ctrl-Shift-F9.
How do I stop strange field codes showing instead of references in my documents?
If your references look like this in your Word document:
<EndNote><Cite><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>104</RecNum><Pages> </Pages><record><rec-number>104</rec-number><ref-type name="Case (simple)">7</ref-type><contributors><subsidiary-authors><author>Lord Scott of Foscote, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, Baroness Hale of Richmond, Lord Carswell and Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood</author>
1. In Word 2010: click on File, then Options at the bottom of the menu list. In Word 2007: click on the Microsoft logo on the top left of the word document; select Word Options from the bottom of the box that appears (or options from the list);
2. In the Word Options window, select Advanced, then scroll down to ‘Show document content’;
3. Make sure 'Show field codes' is NOT ticked and click OK.
In older versions of Word, go to Tools (on the Word top menu), then Options, then View - then make sure field codes is not ticked.
How do I create a reading list, table of cases etc?
1. In EndNote, go to Edit, then Output Styles. Click on Edit OSCOLA.
2. In Footnotes, Templates, tick Include Citations in Bibliography at the top of the templates box.
3 In your EndNote library, highlight the references you want by holding down the Ctrl key and clicking on the reference. When you have all the references, click on Format bibliography on the EndNote toolbar in Word.
4. For tables of cases, use the Search function in EndNote so that only relevant cases show (by searching for cases, and for jurisdiction in keywords if you have used that function). Then proceed to select your case.
Note that you may not want the Bibliography function ticked all the time (see point 4 above)
How do I search OLIS and other catalogues?
1. Choose Tools, then Connect, then Connect
2. Scroll through the list, or use Find to find U of Oxford (for OLIS), or Zetoc, or whatever catalogue you wish to search. When the resource is highlighted, click on Connect. (You may need to enter your Athens password.)
3. Carry out your search, setting fields to Author, Title etc, and using the Boolean connectors.
4. When the search is complete, highlight the references you want to copy to your EndNote library. Use the Ctrl key to select references that aren't adjacent.
5. Click on 'Copy Reference to' in the top of the search box and select the library in which you wish to insert the reference.
6. Double click on the reference in your library to make sure the information has been copied in in a suitable manner.
7. Close the search box, ticking 'Discard unwanted references'. You need to close the search box even if you want to do another search.
8. Catalogues that you have chosen before will remain on your Connect button.
How do I import citation data from JStor, Zetoc, Google Scholar etc?
1. Download the data from the database, following the instructions given, and save it wherever you usually save your files.
2. In EndNote, click on File/Import.
3. In Import, browse for the downloaded file.
4. Set Import Option to the appropriate setting, eg for citation data from Zetoc you will need to look in Other filters and choose Zetoc. (Filters show EndNote exactly how to interpret the information in the data file.)
5. Click on Import, then check that the reference has entered properly.
For more information about filters and downloading from sites such as Google Scholar, see http://www.library.uq.edu.au/faqs/endnote/filters.html
How do I delete unwanted fields in the reference types?
1. Go to Edit, then Preferences.
2. Click on Reference Types, then Modify Reference Types
3. Select the Reference Type you want to modify from the drop-down menu. You will see the list of generic field headings in the left column, and the field headings for that reference type in the right column. Delete the names of the fields you don't want to show in that reference type.
4. Click OK, then click Apply in the next screen.
How do I delete unwanted reference types?
1.Go to Edit, then Preferences.
2. Click on Reference Types, then Modify Reference Types
3. Select the Reference Type you want to delete.
4. Put a full stop (period) in front of the reference type name, following the instruction at the top of the Modify Reference Types box. The change will not show until you close and re-open EndNote.
How do I copy my library from my USB key to my computer?
1. Go to the folder from which you want to copy, and holding down the control (ctrl) key, click on the library file, and on the data folder for that library file, highlighting both.
2. Keeping your finger on ctrl, right click and choose copy.
3. Go to the folder in which you want the up-to-date library, right click, and paste.
4. To be sure you are opening the library from the right folder, use this method to open endnote: open word, then click on the endnote icon in the word toolbar to open endnote, but don't use the automatic 'get started' box to choose your library. Close the 'get started' box, then use File, Open library, and choose your library from there. That way you know exactly which folder you are choosing your library from.
How do I print only the notes for each reference?
From the EndNote Help Manual: you need to create a new style that includes only the Notes field.
1. From the Edit menu choose Output Styles and select New Style.
2. Click on the Templates panel under the Bibliography heading.
3. Click in the “Generic” template and Reference Notes from the Insert Field list. Press the Enter key to add a blank line after the notes for each reference. You may also want to include Author and Title fields, so that you know where the notes come from.
3. From the File menu, choose Save As. Name and save the style. You should now see this new style in the Output Styles submenu of the Edit menu.
4. Close the style by clicking the close button.
Select this style whenever you want to print or export only the notes from your references. This style is also useful to preview just the notes in the preview pane of the Library window.
How do I insert footnote cross-references -- (n 6) etc -- and update them?
Unfortunately Endnote won't do this job. Use the cross-reference tool in Word to insert cross-references to other footnotes. (This also works for cross-referencing to other parts of the document.) To update the cross-references in your footnotes, put your cursor in the footnotes, select all, and click on F9. This process varies a little depending on the version of Word that you are using. You may need to consult the Help guide in your word processor.
How do I make changes to the OSCOLA output style?
1. Go to Edit, then Output Styles. Click on Edit OSCOLA_2 or OSCOLA-Lite.
2. Click on Templates in Bibliography. Make changes following guidelines given in the EndNote Help file: Click on Contents, then Bibliographic Styles, then Modifying Style Templates.
3. Make the same changes in the Footnotes Templates, or set Format Citations in Footnotes to Same as Bibliography (this setting is at the top of the Footnotes Templates.
NB It is a good idea to save the changed style with your own name, eg OSCOLA_sm, so that you still have the original style. Versions XI and before save the style in C:\Program Files\Endnote\Styles. Endnote X2 will save the style in your personal folders:
C:\Documents and Settings\[UserName]\My Documents\EndNote\ (on Windows XP) or C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote (on Windows Vista). Endnote gives the following warnings:
- If you save a file to your personal folders, and the file has the same name as a file in the program folders, you will only see your personal copy, although the other file is still in the program folders.
- If you are editing a style supplied with the software, you cannot save your changes unless you have selected the personal folders in the Folder Locations of the Preferences. If your Folder Locations are still pointing to the Program Files, you will not be able to save the changes, and you will not receive any error message explaining why.
Using case references for OSCOLA only versus using cases references for OSCOLA and Bluebook (or, what is the difference between the Simple Cases format and the full Cases format?)
The simplest Cases format is to use only:
ECJ Case Number Party Names Reporter| (Court)
If you use only the fields above, and you find the citations have unexpected spaces, delete all unwanted fields in the Footnotes template of OSCOLA 2 (via Edit/Edit Output Styles). More simply, include the court in the Reporter field and delete that field in the footnotes template.
The full Cases format in OSCOLA 2 includes the following fields (use this if you want your case reference to work in Bluebook style as well as OSCOLA):
ECJ Case Number Party Names Neutral Citation or ECHR App No Reporter Reporter Volume Reporter Abbreviation First Page| (Court)
If using the full Cases format, rather than putting the whole citation in the Reporter Field, put the volume number to the Volume Reporter field (in square brackets); the law report abbreviation in the Abbreviation field; the first page number in the First Page field; and complete the date of decision field.
Case citations: if I don't have a court or a pinpoint for the case citation, the citation ends with a space. How do I stop this from happening?
1. Go into Edit Output styles as described directly above.
2. Go to the Bibliography template for the Case reference type. The style ends with a space followed by (Court). Put your cursor before this space, then choose Insert field just above the top right of the templates box.
3. In Insert fields, click on 'Forced separation'. This should put a vertical bar into the Case reference type before the space before (Court). The case template should now end: | (Court)
4. Close 'edit output styles' and save the change. Check that it works in the preview section of your library. Note you may have to close and re-open the library before the change is adopted.
5. Make the same changes in the Footnotes Templates, or set Format Citations in Footnotes to Same as Bibliography (this setting is at the top of the Footnotes Templates.
For more information on this sort of style change, search for 'special formatting characters' in EndNote Help.
How do I remove a space from the end of a short title?
EndNote assumes an additional space after the Short Title when it is used. Unfortunately it is not possible to amend this behaviour by editing the output style as the field for 'Short Title' does not appear in the Footnote template.
The workaround suggested by the ever-wonderful Dave at Endnote is to remove the additional space when you have completed your document by saving a copy, removing the field codes and performing a search for isolated commas " , " or full stops " . "
The problem has been reported to Endnote.
How do I insert a comma between the first and second authors (or editors) in a list of three?
1. Go to Edit, then Output Styles. Click on Edit OSCOLA.
2. Click on Author Lists under Bibliography. In the box 'between' insert a comma followed by a space.
3. Repeat step 2 in Editor lists in Bibliography, and in both Author lists and Editor lists in Footnotes.
4. Close 'edit output styles' and save the change. Check that it works in the preview section of your library. Note you may have to close and re-open the library before the change is adopted.
How do I stop the v between party names turning into a capital letter?
The easiest way to control the v is to go to Edit/Preferences/Change case, and put a small v in the list there. This is a useful place for making sure acronymns stay upper case.
How do I change the journal titles to italics?
1. In Edit Output Styles (see above), open the bibliography templates.
2. In the journal template, highlight 'Journal', and click on the italic icon at the top of Endnote box (or click on ctrl-i).
3. If the footnote templates are not set to be the 'same as bibliography' (by ticking the tick box at the top of footnote templates), then you will need to repeat this change in the footnote templates.
4. You may want to save this style with a different name, eg journital. To do that, click on File, Save As, and rename the library as you would a word-processing file.
How do I save law reports in Word in the pdf field?
It is possible to attach a Word document to the PDF field in a reference, so long as the document itself is not touched/edited once attached. If editing is needed, remove the document from the reference and edit it, then re-attach. Think of the PDF field as being like the image field, where any changes made to the image will need the image to be re-attached to the reference.
This will also prevent issues where the original document attached to the reference differs to the original saved elsewhere, as a skimmed copy of the document is always saved in the .data folder for reference.
How do I fix the ' if vols consecutively' error in the year in journal references?
Apologies for this error, which seemed to persist long after I thought the file had been fixed. Instructions attached.
The citations in my footnotes have become mixed up: the citation in footnote 64 should be in footnote 63.
This may happen if you edit/delete a formated document, which may result in an Endnote field being corrupted, or due to a possible compatibility problem with MS Word when joining several documents into one. This might be a good reason to keep CWYW switched off. However, this problem is not common.
1. Make a copy of the document and unformat it and see if the unformated references are correct and delete the bibliography (if you have one).
2. Close Endnote and Word (to eliminate any temporary library).
3. Re-open the document and the library and reformat the document.
4. If the problem isn't fixed, unformat both the new and old documents. Check the Endnote reference numbers in each footnote until you find an error. Note that you probably need to check any pinpoints as well. When the problem has been found, reformat your document.
If this doesn't work, contact Sandy Meredith (for Oxford Uni students) or your Endnote support people.
My computer runs too slowly when I use endnote.
Turning off 'cite while you write' might help. See these instructions.
My computer died - what will this do to my endnote references?
If it's not permanent, continue working on your document without Endnote until your computer is restored (or you get a new one, with the Endnote files you need on it - see below). When you have Endnote working again, just add new references to your existing library and insert them into your footnotes via Endnote as you did prior to computer collapse.
If it's permanent, you will need to your thesis files and your Endnote library file, which will end in .enl and preferably also the Endnote style (OSCOLA_2.ens or OSCOLA-Lite_E9_v2.ens) and the 'reftypetable.xml'. It is crucial to continue with the same Endnote library: each reference (citation) has a unique reference number. If you start a new library, each new citation will have the same reference number as a citation already existing in your thesis. That way lies grief (see previous question). You will also need the Endnote program.
There are instructions about installing the Endnote style and the reftypetable at the top of this page.
How do I make the Endnote toolbar show/work in Word?
If you cannot see the toolbar, see:
http://www.endnote.com/support/faqs/CWYW/faq1.asp
If you are able to see the tools for EndNote in Word but they do nothing when you click on them, you may have a conflicting add-in installed. Endnote has a detailed FAQ explaining which add-ins are known to conflict with EndNote, and how to remove them. The FAQ can found at: http://www.endnote.com/support/faqs/CWYW/faq11.asp
If you are still having problems, in Word go to "Tools > Templates and Add-ins". What are all of the items listed under "Checked items are currently loaded" and which are checked?
Links where you may find other useful information:
http://library.open.ac.uk/help/endnote/endnotefaq.html#1
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/endnote/ (especially the tutorials and the blog)
