Ian Loader

Biography

Ian Loader is Professor of Criminology and Professorial Fellow of All Souls College. Ian arrived in Oxford in July 2005 having previously taught at the University of Edinburgh (1990-1992) and in the Keele Criminology Department (1992-2005) He is also an Honorary Professorial Fellow in the School of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Melbourne. Ian is a Fellow of British Academy and the Royal Society for the Arts.

Ian is the author of six books, including Public Criminology? (Routledge, 2010, with Richard Sparks), and six edited volumes, including Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration (with Albert Dzur and Richard Sparks, Oxford UP, 2016) and The SAGE Handbook of Global Policing (with Ben Bradford, Bea Jauregui and Jonny Steinberg, 2016). Ian has published theoretical and empirical papers on policing, private security, public sensibilities towards crime, penal policy and culture, the politics of crime control, and the public roles of criminology.

Ian is currently working on a three-year study entitled ‘Place, crime and insecurity in everyday life: A contemporary study of an English town’ funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The study – conducted with Evi Girling (Keele), Richard Sparks (Edinburgh) and Ben Bradford (UCL) – investigates how people living in one English town, Macclesfield in Cheshire, talk about and act towards a range of threats that they regard as impinging upon their safety (their personal bodily integrity, their property, their locality, their wider habitat). In the mid-1990s, three members of the research team addressed earlier versions of these questions through a study of people's fears and feelings towards crime and social order in Macclesfield in Cheshire. The outcomes of this work were published in a book, Crime and Social Change in Middle England (2000). The team is revisiting Macclesfield, a quarter of a century later, to undertake a new study of people's everyday experiences of in/security against the backdrop of rapid social, political and technological change (notably, the digital revolution, migration, austerity, and Brexit).

Ian is also currently working on a monograph with the working title of Ideologies in Crime Control to be published by Oxford University Press. The book forms part of a long-term project Ian has pursued with Richard Sparks – termed A Better Politics of Crime - which is concerned with different dimensions of the relationship between crime control and democratic politics. For more information about this project listen here. Ian also continues to research and write on policing and private security.

Ian is Editor-in-Chief of the Howard Journal of Crime and Justice. He also serves on the Editoral Boards of Policing, International Political Sociology and Delito y Sociedad.

Ian is a member of the Advisory Board for the Strategic Review of Policing in England and Wales.

Ian's Google Scholar profile

Publications

Displaying 1 - 123 of 123. Sorted by year, then title.

I Loader, 'Not Just Securitization: On the Limits of Limiting Security Practices' (2021) 6 European Journal of International Security [Review]
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Reasonable Hopes: Social Theory, Critique and Reconstruction in Contemporary Criminology' in A Liebling, J Shapland and R Sparks (eds), Crime, Justice and Social Order: Essays in Honour of A. E. Bottoms (Oxford University Press 2021)
I Loader, 'A Question of Sacrifice: The Deep Structure of Deaths in Police Custody' (2020) 29 Social & Legal Studies 401

Deaths in police custody present a set of enduring and troubling puzzles. Why do such deaths seldom result in prosecutions or adequate redress? Why are victims’ families so under-resourced and typically met with a conflicted mix of empathy and hostility? Why do acknowledged problems remain unresolved despite review after review making the same criticisms and seemingly consensual recommendations? Why is the state’s failure to fulfil its duty of care towards those it detains met with public indifference? In this paper, I argue that that we can shed new light on these questions if we theorize and investigate police power using the metaphor of sacrifice. Thinking about police power through this lens enables us to identify and illuminate a conflict between the liberal rationality that appears to govern responses to custodial deaths and the illiberal values and affects that constitute what I term the deep structure of deaths in police custody. By re-examining reports of recent enquiries into the issue I outline four recurring elements of this deep structure and show how they clash with surface liberal rationalities. The systemic reduction of custodial death requires, I conclude, that we name and contest the quasi-sacred conception of police authority that holds the police vital to the production of order and control and its agents to require protection when things ‘go wrong’.
I Loader, 'Cover-19: Why we must Tackle Hard Questions about Police Power' (2020) The Conversation
I Loader, 'Crime, Order and the Two Faces of Conservatism: An Encounter with Criminology's Other' (2020) 60 British Journal of Criminology 1181

Over the past half century conservatism has been a powerful force in shaping public and political responses to crime in Britain. But within criminology, conservative ideology remains curiously neglected and poorly understood. In this paper I develop an interpretive reconstruction of conservative thinking about crime that seeks to make good this inattention. My central contention is that one finds in conservative ideology both an emotionally and culturally resonant case for making police authority and penal control central to the production of order and arguments for sceptical penal restraint and non-penal modes of socialization. But from which aspects of its conceptual morphology do these two faces of conservatism arise? In answering this question, my encounter identifies the claims that conservatism bring to contests over a better politics of crime (claims with which non-conservatives are required to reckon), as well as pinpointing certain shortcomings and blind-spots of conservative ideology.
I Loader, 'Criminology's Plausible Worlds: Ideologies, Crime Control and the Practice of Democratic Under-Labouring' in T Daems and S Pleysier (eds), Criminology and Democratic Politics (Routledge 2020)
I Loader, Revisiting the Police Mission (Insight Paper for the Strategic Review of Policing in England and Wales 2020)
I Loader, 'To Reduce the Harm: On Defunding the Police ' (2020) Times Literary Supplement 10
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Democratic Experimentalism and the Futures of Crime Control: Resources of Hope for Demotic Times' in P Carlen and L Ayres França (eds), Justice Alternatives (Routledge 2019)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Para una sociología histórica de la política penal en Inglaterra y Gales desde 1968' in M Sozzo (ed), Más Allá de la Cultura del Control (Ediciones Ad-Hoc 2018)
I Loader, 'Prefiguring a better politics of crime: The practice of democratic under-labouring' (2018) 83 British Society of Criminology Newsletter

ISBN: ISSN 1759-8354
I Loader and A White, 'Valour for Money? Contested Commodification in the Market for Security' (2018) 58 British Journal of Criminology 1401

DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azy004
Scholars of security governance generally assume that the labour of private security officers can straightforwardly be transformed into discrete commodities. We argue, by contrast, that it is extremely difficult to commodify the labour of private security officers because their duties frequently require them to confront and work through both economic responsibilities (what does my contract say?) and moral obligations (what does my conscience say?). We substantiate this argument by exploring how heroic acts performed by private security officers – preventing suicide attempts, intervening in violent assaults, orchestrating hazardous evacuations – are celebrated through industry awards ceremonies. In so doing, we not only contribute towards the conceptualisation of security goods as contested commodities, but also facilitate a reappraisal of the market for security.
I Loader and A White, 'How can we Better Align Private Security with the Public Interest? Towards a Civilizing Model of Regulation' (2017) 12 Regulation & Governance 166

DOI: 10.1111/rego.12109
How can we better align private security with the public interest? This question has met with two answers in the literature on private security regulation, one seeking to cleanse the market of deviant sellers, the other to communalize the market through the empowerment of buyers. Both models of regulation are premised upon a limited neoclassical economic conception of how market transactions map onto the public interest. This article makes the case for a new model of regulation, one that seeks to civilize private security. Drawing upon the insights of economic sociology, our model regards the market for security as a moral economy in which commodity and non-commodity values jostle and collide. On this basis, we propose a regulatory architecture where buyers and sellers are cast not only as economic actors but also as moral actors, in the process revealing new avenues through which to encompass private security within the democratic promise of security.
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Penal Populism and Epistemic Crime Control' in A Liebling, S Maruna and L McAra (eds), Oxford Handbook of Criminology (6th edition) (Oxford University Press 2017)
I Loader and B Bradford, 'Policía, delincuencia y orden: el caso de la parada y cacheo policial' (2017) InDret
I Loader, B Loftus and C Hansen Löfstrand, 'Private Security as Moral Drama: A Tale of Two Scandals' (2017) 28 Policing & Society 968

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2017.1348354
This article explores the phenomenon of scandals as they unfold in the private security industry. We begin by outlining our theoretical understanding of scandals, before tracking the key phases of two recent events - one in Sweden, the other in the UK. Scandals, we suggest, are best viewed as moral tales which dramatize a host of societal norms and values about private security and criminal justice, prompting a great deal of normative conflict. The wider point we draw from the analysis is that when market actors enter the field of policing and criminal justice, they not only re-shape that field, they are also re-shaped by it. Private security cannot, in other words, escape the moral dilemmas and conflicts that inescapably attend practices of policing and punishment.
ISBN: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10439463.2017.1348354?needAccess=true
I Loader, C Hansen Löfstrand and B Loftus, ' Doing ‘Dirty Work’: Stigma and Esteem in the Private Security Industry' (2016) 13/3 European Journal of Criminology 297

DOI: 10.1177/1477370815615624
This article draws upon two different ethnographic studies – one based in Sweden, the other in the United Kingdom – to explore how private security officers working in an ambiguous and stigmatized industry construct and repair their self-esteem. While the concept of ‘dirty work’ (Hughes 1951) has been applied to public police officers, an examination of private security officers as dirty workers remains undeveloped. Along with describing instances of taint designation and management, we find that the occupational culture of security officers enhances self-esteem by infusing security work with a sense of purpose. As members of a tainted occupation, security officers employ a range of strategies to deflect scorn and reframe their work as important and necessary.
I Loader, 'Changing Climates of Control: The Rise and Fall of Police Authority in England and Wales' in M Bosworth C Hoyle and L Zedner (eds), Changing Contours of Criminal Justice (Oxford University Press 2016)
I Loader, A Dzur and R Sparks (eds), Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration (Oxford University Press 2016)
I Loader and R Muir, Embracing Police and Crime Commissioners: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future (Police Foundation 2016)
I Loader, 'Foreword: Towards what kind of Global Policing Studies?' in J Beek, M Gopfert, O Owen and J Steinberg (eds), Police in Africa: The Street Level View (London: Hurst 2016)
I Loader, B Bradford, B Jauregui and J Steinberg, 'Global Policing Studies: A Prospective Field' in B Bradford B Jauregui I Loader J Steinberg (ed), The SAGE Handbook of Global Policing (Sage 2016)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Ideologies and Crime: Political Ideas and the Dynamics of Crime Control' (2016) 17 Global Crime 314

DOI: 10.1080/17440572.2016.1169926
I Loader, 'In Search of Civic Policing: Recasting the 'Peelian' Principles' (2016) 10 Criminal Law and Philosophy 427

DOI: 10.1007/s11572-014-9318-1
For over a century the so-called Peelian principles have been central to the self-understanding of Anglo-American policing. But these principles are the product of modern state-building and speak only partially to the challenges of urban policing today. In fact, they stand in the way of clear thinking and better practice. In this paper, I argue that these principles ought to be radically recast and put to work in new ways. The argument proceeds as follows. First, I recover and outline the current Peelian principles and argue that they lack the specificity, sufficiency and status required in order to do real work in the governance of policing. Secondly, I make the case for principles both as a regulative ideal guiding our aspirations for what policing can become and as a means of regulating police work in the here-and-now. I then develop a revised set of principles and indicate, in conclusion, how they can guide the formation of trust-producing and democracy-enhancing practices of civic policing.
I Loader, S Farrall, B Goldson and A Dockley, 'Introduction: Re-Shaping the Penal Landscape' in S Farrall B Goldson I Loader and A Dockley (eds), Justice and Penal Reform (Routledge 2016)
S Farrall, B Goldson, I Loader and A Dockley (eds), Justice and Penal Reform: Re-Shaping the Penal Landscape (Routledge 2016)
I Loader and B Bradford, 'Police, Crime and Order: The Case of Stop and Search' in B Bradford B Jauregui I Loader J Steinberg (ed), The SAGE Handbook of Global Policing (Sage 2016)

In this chapter we revisit and extend discussion about the relation of the police to the key political concepts of crime and order using the case of the police power of stop and search/frisk. We select this power as a case study because its exercise is laden with implications for how we understand the overarching purpose of the police and seek to control and govern police work. Using evidence on the social and spatial distribution of stop and search from several jurisdictions, we contest two legitimating fictions about this power that it is a tool of crime detection and that it can be subject to effective legal regulation. The evidence, we argue, suggests that stop and search is about control and the assertion of order and the effort to do this implicates not only fighting crime but also regulating and disciplining populations based on who they are, not how they behave. Given this, we argue, stop and search is best understood as an aspect of The Police Power recently theorized by Markus Dubber (2005) a potentially limitless, uncontrollable, extra-legal power to do what is necessary to monitor and control marginal populations. In conclusion, we spell out the regulatory implications of understanding stop and search in these terms.
I Loader, A Dzur and R Sparks, 'Punishment and Democratic Theory: Resources for a Better Penal Politics' in A Dzur I Loader R Sparks (ed), Democratic Theory and Mass Incarceration (Oxford University Press 2016)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'The Question of Public Criminology: Seeking Resources of Hope for a Better Politics of Crime' (2016) 52 International Annals of Criminology 155
B Bradford , B Jauregui, I Loader and J Steinberg (eds), The SAGE Handbook of Global Policing (Sage 2016)
I Loader, B Goold and A Thumala, 'Grudge Spending: The Interplay between Markets and Culture in the Purchase of Security' (2015) 63 The Sociological Review 858

In the paper, we use data from an English study of security consumption, and recent work in the cultural sociology of markets, to illustrate the way in which moral and social commitments shape and often constrain decisions about how, or indeed whether, individuals and organizations enter markets for protection. Three main claims are proffered. We suggest, firstly, that the purchase of security commodities is a mundane, non-conspicuous mode of consumption that typically exists outside of the paraphernalia of consumer culture a form of grudge spending. Secondly, we demonstrate that security consumption is weighed against other commitments that individuals and organizations have and is often kept in check by these competing considerations. We find, thirdly, that the prospect of consuming security prompts people to consider the relations that obtain between security objects and other things that they morally or aesthetically value, and to reflect on what the buying and selling of security signals about the condition and likely futures of their society. These points are illustrated using the examples of organisational consumption and gated communities. In respect of each case, we tease out the evaluative judgments that condition and constrain the purchase of security amongst organisations and individuals and argue that they open up some important but neglected questions to do with the moral economy of security.
I Loader, A Thumala and B Goold, 'Tracking Devices: On the Reception of a Novel Security Good' (2015) 15 Criminology & Criminal Justice 3

In this paper, we describe and make sense of the reception of a novel security good: namely, the personal GPS tracking device. There is nothing new about tracking. Electronic monitoring is an established technology with many taken-for-granted uses. Against this backdrop, we focus on a particular juncture in the social life of tracking, the moment at which personal trackers were novel goods in the early stages of being brought to market and promoted as protective devices. Using data generated in a wider study of security consumption, our concern is to understand how this extension of tracking technology into everyday routines and social relations was received by its intended consumers and users. How do potential buyers or users of these novel protective devices respond to this novel security object? What is seductive or repulsive about keeping track of those for whom one has a duty or relationship of care? How do new tracking technologies intersect with challenge, reshape or get pushed back by existing social practices and norms, most obviously around questions of risk, responsibility, trust, autonomy and privacy? This paper sets out to answer these questions and to consider what the reception of this novel commodity can tell us about the meaning and future of security.
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Beyond Mass Incarceration?' (2014) 23 The Good Society 114
I Loader, 'Police Scandal and Reform?: Can we Break out of More of the Same?' (2014) Left Foot Forward
I Loader and S Percy (eds), Reordering Security: Crossing the Criminology/IR Divide (Routledge 2014)
I Loader, 'Security, Anti-Security, Positive Security' in M Schuilenburg, R van Steden and B Oude Breuil (eds), Positive Criminology: Reflections on Care, Belonging and Security (The Hague: Eleven Publishers 2014)
I Loader, B Goold and A Thumala, 'The Moral Economy of Security' (2014) 18 Theoretical Criminology 469

In this paper we draw upon our recent research into security consumption to answer two questions: First, under what conditions do people experience the buying and selling of security goods and services as morally troubling? Second, what are the theoretical implications of understanding private security as, in certain respects, tainted trade? We begin by drawing on two bodies of work on morality and markets (one found in political theory, the other in cultural sociology) in order to develop what we call a moral economy of security. We then use this theoretical resource to conduct an anatomy of the modes of ambivalence and unease that the trade in security generates. Three categories organize the analysis: blocked exchange, corrosive exchange, and intangible exchange. In conclusion, we briefly spell out the wider significance of our claim that the buying and selling of security is a morally charged and contested practice of governance.
I Loader, B Goold and A Thumala, 'The Banality of Security: The Curious Case of Surveillance Cameras' (2013) 53 British Journal of Criminology 977

Why do certain security goods become banal (while others do not)? Under what conditions does banality occur and with what effects? In this paper we answer these questions by examining the story of closed circuit television cameras (CCTV) in Britain. We consider the lessons to be learned from CCTVs rapid but puzzling - transformation from novelty to ubiquity, and what the banal properties of CCTV tell us about the social meanings of surveillance and security. We begin by revisiting and reinterpreting the historical process through which camera surveillance has diffused across the British landscape, focussing on the key developments that encoded CCTV in certain dominant meanings (around its effectiveness, for example) and pulled the cultural rug out from under alternative or oppositional discourses. Drawing upon interviews with those who produce and consume CCTV, we tease out and discuss the family of meanings that can lead one justifiably to describe CCTV as a banal good. We then examine some frontiers of this process and consider whether novel forms of camera surveillance (such as domestic CCTV systems) may press up against the limits of banality in ways that risk unsettling security practices whose social value and utility have come to be taken for granted. In conclusion, we reflect on some wider implications of banal security and its limits.
ISBN: 0007-0955
I Loader, 'Introduction: Mapping the Penal Landscape of England and Wales' in A Dockley and I Loader (eds), The Penal Landscape: The Howard League Guide to Criminal Justice in England and Wales (London: Routledge 2013)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Knowledge Politics and Penal Politics in Europe' in T Daems, S Snacken and D van Zyl Smit (eds), European Penology? (Oxford: Hart 2013)
I Loader and A Dockley (eds), The Penal Landscape: The Howard League Guide to Criminal Justice in England and Wales (London: Routledge 2013)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Unfinished Business: Legitimacy, Crime Control and Democratic Politics' in J Tankebe and A Liebling (eds), Legitimacy and Criminal Justice: An International Exploration (Oxford Oxford University Press 2013)
I Loader, 'Why do the Police Matter? Beyond the Myth of Crime Fighting' in J Brown (ed), The Future of Policing (London: Routledge 2013)
I Loader, 'Why PCCs must go: A better way to do local policing' (2013) Left Foot Forward
I Loader and R. Sparks, 'Beyond Lamentation: Towards a Democratic Egalitarian Politics of Crime and Justice' in T. Newburn and J. Peay (eds), Policing: Politics, Culture and Control (Oxford: Hart 2012)

ISBN: 9781849463003
I Loader and S Percy, 'Bringing the 'Outside' In and the 'Inside' Out: Crossing the Criminology/IR Divide' (2012) 13 Global Crime 213
I Loader, 'Police commissioners will make the men in uniform more responsive to the public they serve ' (2012) The Independent
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Situating Criminology: On the Production and Consumption of Knowledge about Crime and Justice' in M. Maguire, R. Morgan and R. Reiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (5th Edn) (Oxford University Press 2012)
I Loader and S Percy (eds), Special Issue of Global Crime on 'Reordering Security' (12 2012)
I Loader, 'Why community engagement matters?' (2012) Opening Address to Police Foundation Annual Conference
I Loader and R Muir, 'A Manifesto for Progressive Police and Crime Commissioners' (2011) New Statesman ('The Staggers' blog)
I Loader, A Thumala and B Goold, 'A Tainted Trade? Moral Ambivalence and Legitimation Work in the Private Security Industry' (2011) 62 British Journal of Sociology 283

The private security industry is often represented and typically represents itself as an expanding business, confident of its place in the world and sure of its ability to meet a rising demand for security. But closer inspection of the ways in which industry players talk about its past, present and future suggests that this self-promotion is accompanied by unease about the industrys condition and legitimacy. In this paper, we analyse the self-understandings of those who sell security as revealed in interviews conducted with key industry players and in a range of trade materials in order to highlight and dissect the constitutive elements of this ambivalence. This analysis begins by describing the reputational problems that are currently thought to beset the industry and the underlying fears about its status and worth that these difficulties disclose. We then examine how security players seek to legitimate the industry using various narratives of professionalization. Four such narratives are identified regulation, education, association and borrowing each of which seeks to justify private security and enhance the industrys social worth. What is striking about these legitimation claims is that they tend not to justify the selling of security in market terms. In conclusion we ask why this is the case and suggest that market justifications are closed-off by a moral ambivalence that attaches to an industry trading in products which cannot guarantee to deliver the condition that its consumers crave.
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Braithwaite, Criminology and the Debate on Public Social Science' in S Parmentier, I Aertson, J Maesschalck, L Paoli and L Walgrave (eds), The Sparking Discipline of Criminology: John Braithwaite and the Construction of Critical Social Science and Social Justice (Leuven University Press 2011)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Criminology and Democratic Politics: A Reply to Critics' (2011) 51 British Journal of Criminology 734
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Criminology's Public Roles: A Drama in Six Acts' in M Bosworth and C Hoyle (eds), What is Criminology? (Oxford University Press 2011)
I Loader, S Karstedt and H Strang (eds), Emotions, Crime and Justice (Hart 2011)
I Loader, 'Penal Policy Takes a Regressive Turn' (2011) New Statesman ('The Staggers' blog)
I Loader, 'Playing with Fire?: Democracy and the Emotions of Crime and Punishment' in S Karstedt, I Loader and H Strang (eds), Emotions, Crime and Justice (Hart 2011)
I Loader and R Muir, Progressive Police and Crime Commissioners: An Opportunity for the Centre Left (London: Institute for Public Policy Research ('IPPR Original') 2011)
I Loader, T Lanning and R Muir, Redesigning Justice: Reducing Crime Through Justice Reinvestment (London: Institute for Public Policy Research 2011)
I Loader, 'Where is Policing Studies? (Review Essay)' (2011) 51 British Journal of Criminology 449 [Review]
I Loader, 'For Penal Moderation: Notes towards a Public Philosophy of Punishment' (2010) 14 Theoretical Criminology 349

ISBN: 1362-4806
I Loader, B Goold and A Thumala, 'Consuming Security?: Tools for a Sociology of Security Consumption' (2010) 14 Theoretical Criminology 3

How does our understanding of private security alter if we treat security consumption as consumption? In this paper, we set out the parameters of a project which strives theoretically and empirically to do just this. We begin with a reminder that private security necessarily entails acts of buying and selling, and by indicating how the sociology of consumption may illuminate this central but overlooked fact about the phenomenon. We then develop a framework for investigating security consumption. This focuses attention on individual acts of shopping; practices of organizational security that individuals indirectly consume; and social and political arrangements that may prompt the consumption of, or themselves be consumed by, security. This way of seeing, we contend, calls for greater comparative enquiry into the conditions under which markets for security commodities flourish or founder, and close analysis of the social meanings and trajectories of different security goods. By way of illustration we focus on four such categories of good those we term commonplace, failed, novel and securitized. The overarching claim of the paper is that the study of private security currently stands in need of greater conceptual and empirical scrutiny of what is going on when security is consumed.
ISBN: 1362-4806
I Loader, 'Is it NICE? The Appeal, Limits and Promise of Translating a Health Innovation into Criminal Justice ' (2010) 63 Current Legal Problems 72

ISBN: 0070-1998
I Loader and R Sparks, Public Criminology? (Routledge 2010)

ISBN: 978-0-415-44550-4
I Loader, 'Criminology in a hot climate' (2010) Public Lecture, British Library
I Loader, 'Sir Ian Blair: The Burkean Top Cop' (2010) 81 Political Quarterly 459 [Review]
I Loader and M Bosworth (eds), Special issue of Theoretical Criminology on 'Re-inventing Penal Parsimony' (14 2010)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Wacquant and Civic Sociology: Formative Intentions and Formative Experiences' (2010) 10 Criminology & Criminal Justice 405
I Loader, 'Journeying Into, and Away From, Neo-Liberal Penality' in M McCarthy (ed), Incarceration and Human Rights (Manchester University Press 2010)
I Loader, 'Redrawing the blue line' (2010) The Guardian
I Loader and R Sparks, 'What is to be done with Public Criminology?' (2010) 9 Criminology & Public Policy 771
I Loader, 'How, and why, to stop banking on prisons (2009 Perrie Lecture)' (2009) Prison Service Journal
I Loader, 'Ice Cream and Incarceration: On Appetites for Security and Punishment' (2009) 11 Punishment and Society 241

In this paper, I set out a framework for investigating the relationship between contemporary consumer desires and practices and public demands for security and punishment. In so doing, I argue that punishment-centred public responses to crime, social disorder and terrorist threats (what has been termed penal excess) are today bound up with other, widespread social practices of excess. The paper takes the form of a reconstruction and critique of contemporary securitarian obsessions and proceeds as follows: I begin with a discussion of how the concept of excess (and its close cousins) has been and might potentially be applied to the social analysis of crime and crime control. I then make a case for understanding demands for security and punishment as an appetite and examine how the coupling of such appetites with identity, the market and the state can give rise to excessive, punitive, insecurity-reproducing penal practices. I conclude with some brief reflections on the end of excess both in terms of its corrosive, self-defeating effects and how one may seek to moderate or counteract them.
I Loader, 'Why penal reform should be a Conservative issue' (2009) Conservative Home
I Loader, 'The Anti-Politics of Crime (Review Essay)' (2008) 12 Theoretical Criminology 399 [Review]
I Loader and N Walker, 'Liberty, Security and the Responsible State' in D Leighton and S White (eds), Building a Citizen Society: The Emerging Politics of Republican Democracy (Lawrence & Wishart 2008)
I Loader, 'Restraining Order' (2008) Progress
I Loader, 'Straw's embrace of penal excess ignores public will' (2008) The Guardian
I Loader, 'The Great Victim of this Get-tough Hyperactivity is Labour' (2008) The Guardian
I Loader and N Walker, Civilizing Security (Cambridge University Press 2007)

ISBN: 978-0-521-69159-8
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Contemporary Landscapes of Crime, Order and Control: Governance, Risk and Globalization' in M Maguire, R Morgan and R Reiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (4th Edn) (Oxford University Press 2007)
I Loader and L Zedner, 'Police Beyond Law? (Review Essay)' (2007) 10 New Criminal Law Review 142 [Review]
I Loader, 'The Cultural Lives of Security and Rights' in B Goold and L Lazarus (eds), Security and Human Rights (Hart 2007)
I Loader, 'This Internment Lobby Risks Harming not Just Liberty, But Security Itself' (2007) The Guardian
I Loader, 'We Lock People up with No Thought and to Little Effect' (2007) The Guardian
I Loader, 'Re-Balancing the Criminal Justice System?: A Response to Tony Blair' (2006)
I Loader, 'Fall of the 'Platonic Guardians': Liberalism, Criminology and Political Responses to Crime in England and Wales' (2006) 46 (4) British Journal of Criminology 561

DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azi091
ISBN: 1464-3529
I Loader and N Walker, 'Locating the Public Interest in Transnational Policing' in A Goldsmith and J Sheptycki (eds), Crafting Transnational Policing (Hart 2006)
I Loader, 'Policing, Recognition and Belonging' (2006) 605 The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 201

DOI: 10.1177/0002716206286723
ISBN: 1552-3349
I Loader and R Sparks, 'For an Historical Sociology of Crime Policy in England and Wales since 1968' in M Matravers (ed), Managing Modernity: Politics and the Culture of Control (Routledge 2005)
I Loader and N Walker, 'Necessary Virtues: The Legitimate Place of the State in the Production of Security' in J Wood and B Dupont (eds), Democracy, Society and the Governance of Security (Cambridge University Press 2005)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'For an Historical Sociology of Crime Policy in England and Wales since 1968' (2004) 7 Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 5
I Loader, 'Policing, Securitisation and Democratisation in Europe' in T Newburn and R Sparks (eds), Policing, Securitisation and Democratisation in Europe (Willan 2004)
I Loader and N Walker, 'State of Denial?: Rethinking the Governance of Security' (2004) 6 Punishment and Society 221 [Review]
I Loader, 'Policing Unlimited?: Security, Civic Governance and the Public Good' in K van der Vijver and J Terpstra (eds), Urban Safety: Problems, Governance and Strategies (IPIT 2004)
I Loader and A Mulcahy, Policing and the Condition of England: Memory, Politics and Culture (OUP 2003)

ISBN: 0-19-829906-0
I Loader, 'Governing European Policing: Some Problems and Prospects' (2002) 12 Policing & Society 291
I Loader, 'Policing, Securitization and Democratization in Europe' (2002) 2 Criminology and Criminal Justice 125
I Loader and W de Haan (eds), Special issue of Theoretical Criminology on 'Crime, Punishment and the Emotions' (6 2002)
I Loader and R Sparks, 'Contemporary Landscapes of Crime, Order and Control: Governance, Risk and Globalization' in M Maguire, R Morgan and R Reiner (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology (3rd Edn) (Oxford University Press 2002)
I Loader and W de Haan, 'On the Emotions of Crime, Punishment and Social Control' (2002) 6 Theoretical Criminology 243
I Loader, R Sparks and E Girling, 'Fear and Everyday Urban Lives' (2001) 38 Urban Studies (review issue on 'Fear and the City') 885
I Loader and A Mulcahy, 'The Power of Legitimate Naming: Part I - Chief Constables as Social Commentators in Post-War England' (2001) 41 British Journal of Criminology 41
I Loader and A Mulcahy, 'The Power of Legitimate Naming: Part II - Making Sense of the Elite Police Voice' (2001) 41 British Journal of Criminology 252
I Loader and N Walker, 'Policing as a Public Good: Reconstituting the Connections Between Policing and the State' (2001) 5 Theoretical Criminology 9
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, 'After Success?: Anxieties of Affluence in an English Village' in T Hope and R Sparks (eds), Crime, Risk and Insecurity: Law and Order in Political Discourse and Everyday Life (Routledge 2000)
I Loader, 'Police commissioners will make the men in uniform more responsive to the public they serve ' (2000) The Independent
I Loader, 'Why community engagement matters?' (2000) Annual Conference of the Police Foundation
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, Crime and Social Change in Middle England: Questions of Order in an English Town (Routledge 2000)
I Loader, 'Plural Policing and Democratic Governance' (2000) 9 Social and Legal Studies 323
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, 'Landscapes of Protection: The Past, Present and Futures of Policing in an English Town' in P. Carlen and R. Morgan (eds), Crime Unlimited: Questions for the Twenty-First Century (Palgrave 1999)
I Loader, 'Consumer Culture and the Commodification of Policing and Security' (1999) 33 Sociology 373
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, 'Crime and the Sense of One's Place: Globalization, Restructuring and Insecurity in an English Town' in V Ruggerio, N South and I Taylor (eds), The New European Criminology: Crime and Social Order in Europe (Routledge 1998)
I Loader, 'Criminology and the Public Sphere: Arguments for Utopian Realism' in P Walton and J Young (eds), The New Criminology Revisited (Macmillan 1998)
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, 'A Telling Tale: A Case of Vigilantism and its Aftermath in an English Town' (1998) 49 British Journal of Sociology 474
I Loader, E Girling and R Sparks, 'Narratives of Decline: Youth, Dis/order and Community in an English "Middletown"' (1998) 38 British Journal of Criminology 388
I Loader, 'Private Security and the Demand for Protection in Contemporary Britain' (1997) 7 Policing & Society 143
I Loader, 'Policing and the Social: Questions of Symbolic Power' (1997) 48 British Journal of Sociology 1
I Loader, 'Thinking Normatively About Private Security' (1997) 24 Journal of Law and Society 377
I Loader, Youth, Policing and Democracy (Palgrave 1996)
I Loader, S Anderson, R Kinsey and C Smith, Cautionary Tales: Young People, Crime and Policing in Edinburgh (Avebury 1994)
I Loader, 'Justice, Democracy and the Limits of Policing: Rethinking Police Accountability' (1994) 3 Social and Legal Studies 521

Centres

Centre for Criminology

Research programmes

A Better Politics of Crime

Research projects

Research Interests

Policing and security; penal policy and culture; public sensibilities towards crime, order and justice; crime control and democratic politics; criminology and social and political theory.